A. Read the following dialogue and notice the underlined words.
Tipu Tamanna, who are there before the notice board?
Tamanna They are Mr. and Mrs. Ahsan. They are my neighbours. Today they bring me to school with their children.
Tipu Oh really! They are very helpful.
Tamanna Sure! They are very good and very helpful. They have great relations with all neighbours.
My parents like them a lot. So they sometimes depend on them.
Tipu Are their children students of this school?
Tamanna Yes, they are. One of them is a 3rd grader and another one is a 5th grader. They are so lovely as well.
They often come to our place. I also go to their place almost every day. We are good friends.
The underlined words in the dialogue are used in place of a name or names. For example, they in the 2nd sentence refers to Mr. and Mrs. Ahsan and their in the 3rd sentence refers to Mr. and Mrs. Ahsan's So pronouns are words that we use in place of a noun or nouns. Look at the list of pronouns in different forms below.
| Subject form | Object form | Possessive form |
| I | me | my |
| we | us | our |
| you | you | your |
| he | him | his |
| she | her | her, hers |
| they | them | their, theirs |
Now try to find out the nouns which the following pronouns refer to in the dialogue in section A.
My in the 2nd line refers to ____________
Me in the 3rd line refers to ____________
Them in the 7th line refers to ___________
They in the 7th line refers to___________
Their in the 8th line refers to___________
They in the 9th line refers to ___________
They in the 11th line refers to____________
We in the 12th line refers to ____________
B. (i) Now fill in the gaps in the following sentences with appropriate forms of pronouns:
- ________ are a good boy.
- My parents love ________
- This is _______ pen.
- ______ bought this pen.
- The food was good. We enjoyed _____ very much.
- I borrowed _____ pen in ____ math class.
(ii) Make sentences of your own using some other pronouns in the following forms.
Subject form: _____
Object form: _____
Possessive form: ______
Another possessive form:
A Read the following passage and notice the underlined words.
Mr. Haque is a happy man. He has an intelligent wife. They have three children. All of them are bright students. They are gentle and polite. Their parents are proud of them. They come of a rich family but they are not arrogant in their attitude.
These words describe, qualify or modify a noun or pronoun in the passage. For example, 'happy' describes the man named Mr Haque, 'intelligent' describes his wife. These and other underlined words in the passage are examples of adjectives.
Say what nouns or pronouns the other adjectives in the passage describe.
- 'Bright' describes ______
- 'Gentle' and 'polite' describe _____
- 'Proud' describes______
- Rich' describes _____
- 'Arrogant' describes ______
B Look at the following sentences and notice the positions of the adjectives:
I saw a dead cat.
The cat was dead.
I found the cat dead.
In all these sentences the adjective 'dead' describes a cat. But they are used in different positions of the sentences. Now say where the adjective is used in the sentences:
In the 1st sentence the adjective is used before _____
In the 2nd sentence the adjective is used ______
In the 3rd sentence the adjective is used _____
Thus positions of adjectives in sentences vary.
C Read the following sentences and mark the adjectives in bold:
Mr. Karim is a very rich man. He is richer than his brother. He is the richest man in our village.
These examples show three different uses of adjectives, the first refers to one person, the second refers to comparison between two, and the third refers to one among many. These are known as degrees of an adjective. When it refers to one person only, for example, 'rich' it is called the positive degree, 'but when a comparison between two is involved, for example 'richer", it is known as the comparative degree and when one among many is referred, for example 'the richest', it is known as the superlative degree.
Read these sentences too.
Rina is a beautiful girl. She is more beautiful than Shima. She is the most beautiful girl in our class.
Say which of the three examples of adjectives above refers to which degree.
Note: The positive form of an adjective is used when there is no comparison and it refers to the state or status of a person or thing. The comparative form is used when two persons or things are compared. The superlative form is used when more than two things are compared.
Now complete the following sentences with the appropriate degrees of adjectives:
Samiha is a _____ girl. She is ______ than her sister. In fact, she is the _____ person in her family. But she is not so _____ Her sister is more _____ than she is.
